can it run
9.9 of 12 GB usable — keep context modest
12GB · Pascal · model file 9.3GB · 14B
computed roofline: 480.4 GB/s × 0.28–0.50 efficiency window / 9.3GB (Q4_K_M) — bands, never points.
→ Tesla M60 (16GB, used) — cheapest catalog machine that runs qwen3 14B fully ($35)
→ RTX 3090 (24GB, used) — upgrade path machine
→ every model the NVIDIA Titan X (Pascal) 12GB can run — full list
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